Aging skin and non-surgical procedures: a basic science overview

Abstract

Skin aging is a major cosmetic concern and associated with extensive changes in skin function and structure. The understanding of the basic science underlying skin aging is rapidly progressing, anchored around nine fundamental hallmarks of aging defined in 2013. Here we present the evidence for the relevance of each hallmark of aging to skin aging, emphasizing the uniquely prominent roles of oxidative damage and the extracellular matrix in photoaging. We review the existing evidence for how established treatments of skin aging target each fundamental hallmark and discuss targets for potential future treatments.