Visual fields were examined with a tangent screen in 54 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) or optic neuritis (ON). Visual fields were abnormal in all patients with definite MS, 94% with probable MS and 81% with possible MS. Three-quarters of the MS patients with no history of visual symptoms had abnormal fields. The commonest defect found was an arcuate scotoma. As a diagnostic test of visual pathway involvement in MS, tangent screen examination compares favourably with more sophisticated methods.
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Patterson, V. H., & Heron, J. R. (1980). Visual field abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 43(3), 205–208. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.43.3.205