Platelet to lymphocyte ratio correlates with diabetic foot risk and foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcer is a major complication in patients with diabetes. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been reported to have a predictive effect to some diabetic complications in recent years. However, it has not been fully elucidated about the relationship between diabetic foot risk or diabetic foot ulcer and PLR in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this relationship. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the relationships between patient’s diabetic foot risk with the criteria of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) and prevalent foot ulcer, and PLR in 453 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes. Propensity score analysis was used to adjust the difference of covariates; age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, current smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, neuropathy, PAD, foot deformity and history of foot ulcers. PLR was higher in patients with high risk diabetic foot or foot ulcer (117 ± 40 vs. 107 ± 31, p = 0.003 and 148 ± 65 vs. 113 ± 56, p < 0.001). A receiver-operating characteristic curve demonstrated that PLR of 130.6 constitutes the cut-off value for prevalent foot ulcer with sensitivity 0.85 and specificity 0.70. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that PLR was positively correlated with prevalent foot ulcer (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.04, p = 0.003) after adjusted for several variables with propensity score analysis. Our results demonstrated that PLR can be a marker for high risk diabetic foot and diabetic foot ulcer in patients with type 2 diabetes.