Chronobiology and the implications for safety pharmacology

Abstract

In order to get an insight into the mechanisms of action, efficacy, the pharmacokinetics, side effects, and toxicity of a compound for clinical use, it is essential to perform studies in animal models. In preclinical studies, rodents such as rats and mice serve as an important tool for drug development. In addition, dogs, monkeys, pigs, and some other large animals are of great importance in preclinical safety evaluation. Safety pharmacology is an essential part of this process. This review will concentrate on published data within these groups of experimental animals under the special focus whether and to what extent biological rhythms are involved in studies using these animal models.