Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Additive in Diesel-n-Butanol - Bombax Ceiba Biodiesel Blends for Enhance Performance and Emissions Control of a CI Engine

Abstract

In this study, additions of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles into diesel- Bombax ceiba methyl ester (BCME) and n-butanol (C4H9OH) and the impact of nano particles on the emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine were studied experimentally. The n-butanol in fuel samples significantly influenced the physicochemical properties of the blends. The TiO2 nanoparticles were added at different concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 ppm. The ratio of 1:4 TiO2: QPAN 80 was observed to deliver maximum possible stability in biodiesel. In addition, more oxygen in n-butanol and nano additives minimize environmental air pollution. The experiments employed Diesel, B20, B20Bu10, B20Bu10T30, B20Bu10T60, and B20Bu10T90 blends using the four-stroke, direct injection diesel engine with single-cylinder. The experimental results showed that adding 60 ppm TiO2 nano particles in B20Bu10 improved thermal efficiency by 8.36% and reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption by 21.6% compared to B20Bu10. The B20Bu10T60 blend reduced the carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions by 22.91% and 12% correspondingly compared with other blends. The above results demonstrated the optimal improvement in whole engine performance characteristics and fewer environmental pollutants at a dosage level of 60 ppm TiO2 nano particles.