Urban Surfaces and Heat Island Mitigation Potentials

Abstract

Data on materials and surface types that comprise a city, i.e. urban fabric, are needed in order to esti- mate the effects of light-colored surfaces (roofs and pavements) and urban vegetation (trees, grass, shrubs) on the meteorology and air quality of a city. We discuss the results of a semi-automatic statistical approach used to develop data on surface-type distribution and urban-fabric makeup using aerial color orthophotogra- phy, for four metropolitan areas of Chicago, IL, Houston, TX, Sacramento, CA, and Salt Lake City, UT. The digital high resolution (0.3 to 0.5-m) aerial photographs for each of these metropolitan areas covers represen- tative urban areas ranging from 30km2 to 52km2. Major land-use types examined included: commercial, residential, industrial, and transportation. On aver- age, for the metropolitan areas studied, vegetation covers about 29–41% of the area, roofs 19–25%, and paved surfaces 29–39%. For the most part, trees shade streets, parking lots, grass, and sidewalks. At ground level, i.e., view from below the tree canopies, vegetation covers about 20–37% of the area, roofs 20–25%, and paved surfaces 29–36%.