Las concepciones centrales del liberalismo y del socialismo sobre la nación en Europa: 1850-1914

Abstract

The article presents, from the history of the political thought the central reflections of the most important currents in the second part of the xix century, liberalism and socialism, about the nation in Europe. From the middle of the century the questions about the nation were for these currents a complex and difficult problem. Inside its political context and using secondary literature but overall by studying the texts of the authors themselves the principle reflections of the liberalism will be exposed -the discussion about the nationality and the principle of the nationalities by Lord Acton and the question about what is (the meaning of) the nation asked by Renan, and from the viewpoint of the socialism -the contributions about the national question in Poland and Ireland of Marx and Engels. The article develops than the most systematized reflections about the nation shortly before the First World War, of the liberal conservative Friedrich Meinecke and the Austromarxist Otto Bauer. The text shows the continuity of an old and difficult problem with theoretical assumptions that although developed in their time still continue playing an important role for the theory and practice around the question of the nation till today. Therefore the article ends showing synthetically the echo of this legacy.