Formal-Verification of Smart-Contract Languages: A Survey

Abstract

A blockchain is a peer-to-peer electronic ledger of transactions that may be publicly or privately distributed to all users. Apart from unique consensus mechanisms, their success is also obliged to smart contracts. Also, These programs let on distrusting parties to enter reconciliation that are executed autonomously. Although a number of studies focus on security of introducing new programming languages., However, there is no comprehensive survey on the smart-contract language in suitability and expressiveness concepts and properties that recognize the interaction between people in organizations and technology in workplaces. To fill this gap, we conduct a systematic analysis about smart-contract language properties that focus on e-contractual and pattern-based exploration. In particular, this paper gives smart-contract language taxonomy, introducing technical challenges of languages as well as recent solutions in tackling the challenges. Moreover, this paper also represents the future research direction in the introducing new smart-contract language.