Parenteral

Abstract

Abstract This chapter gives an overview of parenteral dosage forms and the rational for their use. Parenterals are sterile preparations that are injected intravascularly, adminis- tered into body tissues or into visceral cavities. The parenteral route of administration is often chosen for active substances that are poorly absorbed via the oral route or when rapid systemic availability and effects are required, or both. An introduction to the formulation and preparation of parenteral dosage forms is provided. Par- enteral medicines can be formulated as solutions, emulsions or suspensions. Products, such as implants and microspheres are only briefly discussed. Knowledge about these types of products is a prerogative for the sound education of patients and caregivers in using the products. Formulation strategies for reconstitution of ready to administer medicines are described in detail. This chapter includes formulation considerations, preparation and quality control of parenteral nutrition. An overview of the administration methods of the paren- teral dosage forms is also discussed.