Recent advances in three-dimensional multicellular spheroid formation for biomedical research

Abstract

Multicellular spheroids (MCSs) from three dimensional culture, which is a complex architectural structure with dynamic cell to cell and cell to matrix interactions, mimic real tissues regarding structural and functional properties. MCSs have emerged as an effective tool for filling up the gap between the in vitro and in vivo experimental model and can replace the in vivo model. The viability and functional performance can be enhanced when cells are grown as multicellular spheroid (MCS). In this review paper, we discussed the basic mechanism of MCS formation, their biomedical applications, and recent advances in MCS culture and tissue engineering.