Urine Dipstick: An Approach to Glucosuria, Ketonuria, pH, Specific Gravity, Bilirubin and Urobilinogen – Undeniable Chemistry

Abstract

Dipstick urinalysis for glucose, ketones, pH, specific gravity, bilirubin, and urobilinogen is an important tool available to clinicians for screening and diagnosis of several systemic disorders. This chapter will provide an in-depth look at the chemical reactions behind these tests, the clinical significance of a positive or negative result, and suggested next steps in evaluation and management. Reasons for false positive and false negative results will also be discussed.