Evaluation of contrast sensitivity and color vision in lead and zinc mine workers

Abstract

Purpose. This study was performed to determine achromatic contrast sensitivity and color vision in lead and zinc mine workers. Methods. A total of 230 male workers, who had been working in mine and had been in contact with minerals for at least 1 year, were considered as the case group, and the age of 90 years matched men who have not been in contact with minerals, being regarded as the control group. Contrast sensitivity was assessed using the Freiburg test at three frequencies of 1, 5 and 15 cycles of degree and under low mesopic light condition by two gratings and Landolt C stimuli. Color vision was assessed using the Farnsworth D-15 test under high mesopic light condition. Both tests were carried out monocularly. Data were analyzed using version 22 SPSS software. Results. There was a significant difference between studied groups with Landolt C stimulus in all three frequencies 1, 5 and 15 cycles per degree (p=0.009, p=0.016 and p=0.003). With Grating stimulus, there was a significant difference between the two groups in frequencies of 1 and 15 cycles per degree but at frequency of 5 cycles per degree, there was a border difference (p<0.0001, p=0.051 and p=0.008). A significant difference was observed between color confusion indexes of the two groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion. Chronic exposure to mineral in lead and zinc mine may cause color vision deficiency and decrease in contrast sensitivity. It is recommended that Farnsworth D-15 and Freiburg contrast sensitivity tests would be involved in the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and visual disorders in workers exposed to minerals.