Nanotheranostics: Nanoparticles Applications, Perspectives, and Challenges

Abstract

Theranostics is a dual model field approach with therapeutic and diagnosis of a disease lies on single platform in health care. It has led to transitional change in nanomedicine field. Here, various nanotheranostics approaches are briefly described as quantum dots (QDs), electrospun fibers, biomacromolecule based platforms with applications ranging from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, Parkinson’s disease, antimicrobial resistance, and orthopedic diseases like arthritis and orthoporosis. Also, recent challenges relevant to theranostics and modifications in bio-conjugated QDs are emphasized for cancer, in vivo–in vitro imaging, and drug delivery applications. Different challenges in terms of translation at clinical and preclinical stage, toxicity, distribution, and cost-effectiveness have been explained. Efforts seeking better nanotheranostics clinical practices still need to be looked into for development of effective and efficient personalized medicine.