Circuits with Hydraulic Machines: Pumps and Turbines

Abstract

In some hydraulic circuits, power is exchanged between the current and the machines. Pumps supply energy to the current and are called energy absorption devices, and are inserted in order to increase the head; turbines subtract energy from the current, usually transferring it to an electric generator, and are called energy production devices. The energy grade line has a jump across the machine. The characteristics of the machine are suggested by the general characteristics of the plant and the design is optimal, with the aim of minimizing costs and maximizing efficiency.