Rapid Analysis of Aristolochic Acids and Aristolactams in Houttuyniae Herba by LC–MS/MS

Abstract

Houttuyniae herba, the Saururaceae plant Houttuynia cordata Thunb., has multiple therapeutic effects, including clearing heat, eliminating toxins, reducing swelling, discharging pus, and relieving stagnation. It has a long history as an edible and medicinal plant in China. Phytochemical studies show that the main constituents include volatile oil, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Aristolactam is a major alkaloid with a structure similar to toxic aristolochic acids. However, there has been no systematic study on aristolochic acids and alkaloids in Houttuyniae herba. Therefore, in this study, an LC–MS/MS method was developed to simultaneously detect seven alkaloids and five aristolochic acids in Houttuyniae herba from different origins. Six alkaloids (O-demethyl nornucifrine, N-nornucifrine, aristololactam AII, aristololactam FI, aristololactam BII, cepharadione B) were found and quantitatively determined in 75 batches of samples. Meanwhile, no aristolochic acids or aristololactams were found in Houttuyniae herba at a limit of detection (LOD) of ≤4 ng/mL. The method developed was fully validated in terms of LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy, and stability. These data clarify the content of the above safety-related components in Houttuyniae herba and provide a reference for further research into its safety.