Microbe-mediated biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Abstract

Fluctuating global climate has increasing influence on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses in agriculture resulting in reduced productivity. The scenario has been estimated to be intensified owing to the increased drought, soil and water salinity, and shortage of water resources. Biotic stress was also encountered in terms of outbreaks of various pathogens. Diseases caused by pathogens are the foremost factor affecting agricultural produce. Copious mechanisms are implemented by plant to tolerate the stressor(s). Key strategies were designed for developing biotic and abiotic stress-tolerant crop varieties, cultivation techniques, and microbial inoculant and products to enhance the tolerance of plants toward biotic and abiotic stresses. In this literature, we focus on the response of plants toward biotic-abiotic stress, plant-beneficial microbes, and microbe-mediated tolerance in crop plants.