Two-faced janus: The role of peers in adolescence

Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to examine the role of peers in adolescence. Specifically, our focus will be on their twofold influence on the individual, since the peer group may, on one hand, promote wellbeing and social adjustment, and, on the other, affect the development of unhealthy risk behaviors. We will start with a brief definition and description of the peer group, with an analysis of its functions in adolescence and a discussion on when and how it serves as a safety net or as a hindering factor for development and psychological wellbeing. The role of Internet in teen socialization will then be considered, examining, again, the factors modulating risks and opportunities. A paragraph will also be dedicated to a description of the processes and mechanisms through which peers exert their influence on the individual and of the factors affecting this relationship. In the conclusion, considering these relevant influences of peers on adolescents’ health and development, we will discuss the use of peer education and self-help groups, as promising strategies for prevention and promotion of wellbeing in young age.