Host response to biomaterials

Abstract

The implantation of a biomaterial-based device or drug carrier will elicit a localized or systemic inflammatory response. An immune response occurs regardless of the method of introduction of biomaterial into the body, as all methods of biomaterial insertion, including surgery and injection, result in the disruption of the host's tissue. The extent of the inflammatory response, however, is dependent upon the location, implantation procedure, and compatibility of biomaterial. In general, inflammatory responses can be classified as acute or chronic, defined primarily by the duration of the response and the type of cells infiltrating a tissue in response to pro-inflammatory signals. This chapter discusses the general process of acute and chronic inflammatory response and gives details on the key immune cells and soluble blood plasma factors involved. Information is also provided on biomaterial design approaches employed to minimizing inflammatory response.