A GRASS GIS implementation of the savage-hutter avalanche model and its application to the 1987 Val Pola Event

Abstract

Computer models play an increasing role for the understanding of the dynamics of granular flows (rock avalanches, debris flows, snow avalanches etc.). Simple empirical relationships or semi-deterministicmodels are often applied in GIS-based modelling environments. However, they are only appropriate for rough overviews at the regional scale. In detail, granular flows are highly complex processes and deterministic models are required for a detailed understanding of such phenomena. One of the most advanced theories for understanding and modelling granular flows is the Savage-Hutter model, a system of differential equations based on the conservation of mass and momentum. The equations have been solved for a number of idealized topographies, but not yet satisfactorily for arbitrary terrain. Not many attempts to integrate the model with GIS were known up to now. The work presented is seen as an initiative to integrate a fully deterministic model for themotion of granular flows, based on the Savage-Hutter theory, with GRASS, an Open Source GIS software package. The potentials of the model are highlighted with the Val Pola rock avalanche as test event. The limitations and the most urging needs for further research are discussed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.