Groundnut (Peanut) (Arachis hypogaea)

Abstract

Arachis hypogaea, known as the groundnut or peanut, is an annual herbaceous legume grown in tropical and temperate areas of the world. Peanuts are a composite food consisting of a wide variety of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and a good dose of fiber. Bioactive compounds have also been isolated from peanuts that include flavonoids, phytosterols, amino acids, and stilbenes. Large-scale clinical studies have shown that regular peanut consumption has a positive effect on cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer’s. These bioactive compounds also have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor activities. Potential health concerns regarding peanuts include allergies and contamination with aflatoxins. Peanuts are widely used in the food industry for the production of flour, protein concentrates and isolates, confectionaries, oils, and beverages.