Simvastatin suppresses apoptosis in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques through regulating the expression of p 53, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL

Abstract

Purpose: Simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are independent of lipid-lowering abilities. This experiment was carried out to explore the effects of simvastatin on apoptosis in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of apoE-deficient mice. Methods and results: Eight weeks-old apoE -/- mice were fed a Western-type diet. Vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions were formed in the branchiocephalic artery at the age of 30-weeks, before simvastatin administration for 8 weeks. Simvastatin did neither affect the levels of plasma glucose and lipids, nor the size of atherosclerotic lesions. Analysis of plaque composition showed that simvastatin decreased the area of lipid core and increased the amounts of macrophages and smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic plaques of apoE -/- mice. In addition, simvastatin down-regulated the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by both inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activation and suppression of the expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Moreover, we found that simvastatin administration led to reduced TUNEL-positive cells in the aortic root lesions, accompanied by up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, and decreased P 53 expression as shown by Western blot. Conclusion: In the present study, we show novel data to suggest that simvastatin could suppress apoptosis in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of apoE -/- mice by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as p 53, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.