Heavy Metal Toxicity in Plants - Plants and Heavy Metals

Abstract

Plants are sessile organisms that must cope with the surrounding soil composition in order to survive and reproduce. Soils often contain excessive levels of essential and non-essential elements, which may be toxic at high concentrations depending on the plant species and the soil characteristics. Many metals share common toxicity mechanisms, and plants deal with these metals using similar scavenging pathways. The impact of metal toxicity is made more complex by competition, since high levels of one metal may imbalance the uptake and transport of others, therefore contributing to the toxicity symptoms. Here, the toxicity symptoms and mechanisms of the most common essential and non-essential heavy metals will be considered.