Diversity and Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome and Immune Cells

Abstract

Human microbiome consists of multiple species out of which most of them reside in gut. Gut microbiota is most complex and dynamic in terms of species diversity and therefore regulates the host homeostasis. The intricate relation between the gut microbiota and host is crucial for host functioning. Dysbiosis in microbiota affects myriads of processes which result in multiple diseases such as IBD, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, etc. This chapter highlights the role of gut microbiota in innate and adaptive immune system development and further explains how alteration in microbiota leads to dysbiosis which makes host susceptible to several diseases.