Epidemiology of urinary stones

Abstract

Stones are more common in men than in women. Stone formation in renal systems in one of the oldest and the most common form of crystal deposition. Populations that consume diets rich in animal protein have a higher risk of stones than those with a more vegetarian diet. The risk of forming a stone is increased further by a high intake of refined sugar, salt and oxalate-rich foods. Living and working in a hot environment or engaging in regular vigorous exercise can increase the risk of forming stones by decreasing urine volume as a result of dehydration from sweating. Obesity results in increased urinary excretion of stone formation. Forty six samples are collected from various Hospitals with survey of various factors in the form of questionnaire from the patients. From the questionnaire, a detailed statistical study on the Epidemiology of the kidney stones. The study is based on the on the basis of Age, Symptoms, Food habits, Occupation, Obesity, Sexual correlation and Recurrence is discussed with in the study. Stones are removed surgically, ureterscopy and 'crushing and evacuation' method. Though a large number of crystals are collected, only ten samples are measurable in size due to surgical operation and the rest of them are removal by laparoscopy. The seasonal variation plays an important role in the formation of kidney stones.