Recent information on test utilization and intraindividual change in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea: a retrospective study

Abstract

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the test utilization and intraindividual changes of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), a biomarker for autoimmune diabetes in Korean adults. Research design and methods We retrospectively investigated longitudinally measured GADA test results to assess test utilization and intraindividual changes through a laboratory information system. Results During the 3-year study period, 11 668 GADA tests were performed in 11 184 Korean adults. The overall rate of GADA positivity at initial measurement was 7.8%. Among the 11 668 test results, 871 GADA test results from 401 Korean patients (228 men and 173 women) requested by 54 hospitals were analyzed for intraindividual changes. Among these 401 patients, 80 (20.0%) had positive (≥2.0 U/mL) and 35 (8.7%) had gray zone GADA (1.0-1.9 U/mL) level at initial measurement. The prevalence of GADA-positive patients based on initial measurement was significantly different by type of medical institution. Among 80 patients with initial positive results, 5 (6.3%) experienced qualitative GADA changes during follow-up. Among the 321 patients with initially negative or gray zone GADA, 9 (2.8%) changed to GADA positive at least once during follow-up. Conclusions Although most patients had stable GADA results, some exhibited qualitative changes during follow-up. This study can help to understand the variation in GADA positivity in the monitored patients.