Current approaches and novel treatment methods for cancer and radiotherapy

Abstract

Cancer is a type of illness caused by abnormal growth of the cells in the body. The cells reproduce uncontrollably and cause metastases in the body. The accumulation of these cells causes the tumor to be benign and malignant tumors. Radiation therapy is one of the major subsets of medical physics. Radiation therapy is a method for treating cancer that destroys cancer cells by high-energy radiation or preventing cancer cells from spreading. The rays used to treat cancer are X-rays, gamma rays and charged particles. Radiation therapy is done in two ways, out of the body and inside the body. Radiation therapy, in addition to affecting cancer cells, also affects healthy cells. Therefore, methods should be used to keep healthy cells exposed to radiation. Conventional radiotherapy uses simulations of two-dimensional therapy and simple collimator but modern radiotherapy uses 3DCRT (Three Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy) and IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy) from Multileaf Collimator and advanced simulation software. This article briefly reviews some of the new ways of treating cancer, such as immuno-oncology, drug delivery, and hyperthermia.