Organic fertilization and its effect on development of sweet pepper transplants

Abstract

Organically grown greenhouse sweet pepper crops, as is the case with most year-around greenhouse crops, rely on pre-grown transplants. Production of adequately balanced (source and sink strength potential) healthy organic sweet pepper transplants is a challenge and is often related to early and total harvested yields. Liquid and/or solid organic fertilizers for greenhouse sweet pepper transplants were compared with a conventional liquid fertilizer. Transplants were grown under greenhouse conditions and inoculated, or not, with a beneficial microbial agent, Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, strain KRL-AG2 (Rootshield-). Medium respiration (CO2 efflux) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis analysis showed a higher microbial activity in the liquid organic fertilizer treatment. Higher microbial activity was observed after 10 weeks than at 5 weeks after transplanting. Transplant development was greater in the liquid conventional fertilizer treatment compared with the two organic treatments. Transplants that received liquid organic fertilizer had greater development compared with transplants that only received water in addition to the initial solid fertilizer. Organic amendment mineralization did not completely fulfill transplant nutrient requirement compared with conventional transplants. Solid fertilization in the growing medium affected plant growth during the first 5 weeks but not after 10 weeks after transplanting. Solid and liquid organic fertilizers at a higher concentration should be provided to reach a similar transplant development because conventional seedlings or other slow-release sources of solid amendments should be added to the growing medium to keep an adequate and constant nutrient release. Providing a beneficial agent to the organic growing medium increased its biological activity but had no effect on seedling growth during this study. Solid organic fertilization (1600 mL-m-3 of shrimp meal with 50 mL-m-3 of kelp meal) combined with an organic liquid fertilization should be used in combination with inoculation with T. harzianum to obtain high-quality organic sweet pepper transplants.