Specific Phobia

Abstract

Specific phobia, formerly called simple phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a marked and persistent fear of specific objects, situations, or activities. Patients know their fear is excessive or unreasonable but are unable to overcome it. The possibility of encountering a phobic stimulus causes anticipatory anxiety. The individual either avoids or endures the object or situation with dread. Ultimately this may lead to great distress or impairment in functioning and to a disorder. A section in this chapter lists the diagnostic criteria for specific phobia and the different subtypes. The primary care practitioner must encourage patients with specific phobia to identify the phobic stimulus, confront the object or situation, experience the anxiety, and ultimately conquer their fears. The process can be slow and time-consuming. Referral to a skilled therapist may be indicated. A persistent approach by the practitioner with a patient who constantly practices can yield positive results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)(create)