Use of LIDAR-based digital terrain model and single tree segmentation data for optimal forest skid trail network

Abstract

The implementation of effective and sustainable logging operations requires an optimal forest accessibility through appropriately planned roads and optimized skid trail network. Skid trails delineation depends on the logging method used, the existing road network, the stand development, and the terrain conditions. This paper explores the possibility of using the Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) technology and Geographic Information System (GIS) to determine the optimal or near-optimal locations and routes of forest skid trails in a Scots pine stand in central Poland. A suitable algorithm was developed for the optimization of the skid trail network. The model designs the best route taking advantage of the existing stand gaps in order to minimize the number of trees to be felled for the skid trail construction. Spatial distribution of trees in the stand was obtained with the use of a segmentation procedure. Results showed a reduction after optimization of 2% in the overall length of skid trails for traditional harvesting methods (skid trails at a minimum distance of 40 m). For fully-mechanized harvesting methods, the skid trail network was denser (minimum distance: 20 m) and the original total skid length was reduced by only 0.06%. The advantages of the adopted procedure for optimizing the delineation and construction of skid trail networks are discussed.