Cbl-b Is a Negative Regulator of Inflammatory Cytokines Produced by IgE-Activated Mast Cells

Abstract

c-Cbl and Cbl-b E3 ubiquitin ligases are abundantly expressed in hemopoietic cells where they negatively regulate the activity and levels of many cell surface receptors and associated signaling molecules. By comparing bone marrow-derived mast cells from c-Cbl and Cbl-b-deficient mice it has recently been shown that Cbl-b is the dominant family member for negatively regulating signaling responses from high-affinity IgE receptors. In this study, we suggest that a possible reason for the greater enhancement of IgE receptor signaling in Cbl-b-deficient mice is the relatively higher levels of Cbl-b protein over c-Cbl in mast cells compared with other hemopoietic cells. We also directly compare mast cells from c-Cbl and Cbl-b-deficient mice and find that loss of Cbl-b, but not c-Cbl, increases cell growth, retards receptor internalization, and causes the sustained tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and its substrates. However, loss of Cbl-b does not enhance the activation of ERK or Akt, nor does it promote a greater calcium response. Furthermore, loss of Cbl-b or c-Cbl does not increase levels of the Syk or Lyn protein tyrosine kinases. Most notable, however, is the extremely large increase in the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 by Cbl-b−/− mast cells compared with levels produced by c-Cbl−/− or wild-type cells. This marked induction, which appears to be restricted to these three cytokines, is dependent on IgE receptor activation and correlates with enhanced IκB kinase phosphorylation. Thus, Cbl-b functions as a potent negative regulator of cytokines that promote allergic and inflammatory reactions.