The impact of seasonal monsoons on the morphology of beaches protected by Barrier Islands in Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Abstract

The beach is a complex system area where many natural and anthropogenic factors may influence the coastal processes. These processes include erosion and accretion, which may pose a significant problem. Understanding their causes is, therefore, essential not only for researchers but also the community, especially in mitigating the effects of monsoons and executing coastal development plans. Hence, this study tried to understand the natural impact and changes at a coastal stretch in Terengganu, Malaysia, which was affected by the Northeast Monsoon. This study determined the profile of four beaches on the stretch through cross-shore transects in monthly intervals. Beach surface sediment samples were also collected at four sampling stations facing several islands off the coast for particle size analysis. Besides that, the significance of the wave height was illustrated. Most beaches where the sampling stations were located had been affected by erosion. However, some did experience accretion during the Northeast Monsoon. The sediment sizes ranged from very coarse to fine sand. The beach morphology changes were essential in executing coastal management plans. Therefore, this study could provide clearer information for future coastal developments, especially in beaches along Terengganu.