Parents' knowledge, attitude, and practice on childhood immunization

Abstract

Background: The objective of present study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents regarding childhood immunization. Methods: A   cross-sectional survey was conducted in immunization clinic at Vanivilas hospital, a government tertiary care center (G) attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute and a private pediatric clinic (P) in Bengaluru. Data were collected from 200 parents/guardians (100 from each set up) using structured questionnaire administered by the investigators. Results: Out of 200 parents surveyed, 172 (86%) children were found to be fully immunized. The sickness of child was the most common cause (67%) for missing vaccination. A statistically significant proportion of boys (95%) were completely immunized as compared to girls (84%, p<0.01). Most of them knew that vaccination prevented some communicable diseases but were unaware as to which diseases they prevented and that the immunity is not life-long. Knowledge (p<0.004) and practice (p<0.001) of parents opting for optional vaccines were significantly higher in private setting compared to the government setting. All mothers opined that compliance to immunization schedule is important, had recommended vaccination to others and maintained a vaccination card. Gender of the child, birth order, mothers’ educational status, monthly income of parents and religion significantly affected the vaccination status while mother’s employment did not influence it. Conclusion: Although childhood immunization practices and attitudes are satisfactory, majority do not have specific knowledge on vaccines and the duration of protection they offer. Socio-demographic factors had a significant influence on the immunization status. Hence, efforts should be focused on improving them also besides educating them about vaccines to improve their knowledge.