Diagnostic performance of a machine learning-based CT-derived FFR in detecting flow-limiting stenosis

Abstract

Background: The non-invasive quantification of the fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) using a more recent version of an artificial intelligence-based software and latest generation CT scanner (384 slices) may show high performance to detect coronary ischemia. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of FFRCT for the detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) in contrast to invasive FFR (iFFR) using previous generation CT scanners (128 and 256-detector rows). Methods: Retrospective study with patients referred to coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) and catheterization (iFFR) procedures. Siemens Somatom Definition Flash (256-detector rows) and AS+ (128-detector rows) CT scanners were used to acquire the images. The FFRCT and the minimal lumen area (MLA) were evaluated using a dedicated software (cFFR version 3.0.0, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany). Obstructive CAD was defined as CTA lumen reduction ≥ 50%, and flow-limiting stenosis as iFFR ≤0.8. All reported P values are two-tailed, and when <0.05, they were considered statistically significant. Results: Ninety-three consecutive patients (152 vessels) were included. There was good agreement between FFRCT and iFFR, with minimal FFRCT overestimation (bias:-0.02; limits of agreement:0.14-0.09). Different CT scanners did not modify the association between FFRCT and FFRi (p for interaction=0.73). The performance of FFRCT was significantly superior compared to the visual classification of coronary stenosis (AUC 0.93vs.0.61, p<0.001) and to MLA (AUC 0.93vs.0.75, p<0.001), reducing the number of false-positive cases. The optimal cut-off point for FFRCT using a Youden index was 0.85 (87% Sensitivity, 86% Specificity, 73% PPV, 94% NPV), with a reduction of false-positives. Conclusion: Machine learning-based FFRCT using previous generation CT scanners (128 and 256-detector rows) shows good diagnostic performance for the detection of CAD, and can be used to reduce the number of invasive procedures.