Interpretation of multigated Fourier functional images

Abstract

First-harmonic Fourier analysis is currently used to aid in the interpretation of multigated cardiac studies. Its intrinsic inaccuracies are not generally appreciated. This study investigates the characteristics and magnitudes of the errors of this technique. The study analyzes computer-generated phantoms that isolate the various motions of the ventricles (contraction, translation, and rotation) with the first-harmonic approach. The first-harmonic output is compared with a more accurate fitting scheme using multiple terms of the Fourier expansion. Significant artifacts of the inaccuracy of the first harmonic appear in the phantom studies and are observed in patient examples. We conclude that caution is needed in interpreting first-harmonic phase and amplitude images, and particularly in associating them with parameters like the onset of contraction and the stroke volume.