Pseudocapacitive Materials for 3D Printed Supercapacitors

Abstract

Recent advancements in wearable, flexible, and portable electronics have stimulated a swift increase in demand for compatible energy storage devices with promising performance. Supercapacitors offer the potential to satisfy the demands for complicated design and integrated functionality due to their highly adaptable manufacturing process. This chapter provides a review of recent advancements in 3D-printed supercapacitors using pseudocapacitive materials. A brief introduction on the subject is addressed with the main concepts of ink formulations and their constraints, optimization steps, and printing technologies. Moreover, we review various pseudocapacitive electrode materials, e.g., metal oxides, conducting polymers, chalcogenides, metal–organic frameworks, and MXenes, and their conversion into printable inks used for 3D printing supercapacitors. We conclude by discussing major limitations and the future perspectives in 3D printable supercapacitors.