Two Modes of Timing Anticipation in Synchronization Tapping

Abstract

Anticipation in timing control is one of the important human's ability to cooperate with dynamic environment. In this research, we studied synchronization tapping as an example of timing control and Negative Asynchrony phenomenon in which the tap onset precedes to the onset of tone was observed. To clarify the mechanism of this anticipatory response from the viewpoint of time perception, effect of subject's attention was investigated. In order to control the attention, we used the silent reading as a secondary task of dual task method. In this condition, we measured the range of the period of tonal stimuli (Inter Stimulus Interval; ISI) which may be affected by the subject's attention using synchronization tapping task on ISI range of 450 to 6000ms. Consequently, it was revealed that the mechanism of this timing control depending on a subject's attentional resources works on ISI for about 1800ms or more. This result suggests that there are two modes of anticipatory timing control, an automatic one and an intentional one. 1. ‚Í ‚ ¶ ‚ß ‚É •l ŠÔ ‚Í ƒR ƒ~ ƒ… ƒj ƒP •[ ƒV ƒ ‡ ƒ" ‚ð ‰î ‚µ‚Ä ‹¦ '² ŠÖ OEW ‚𠃊 ƒA ƒ‹ ƒ^ƒC ƒ€ ‚É'n ‚è•ã ‚° ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª ‚Å ‚«‚é.‚í ‚ê ‚í ‚ê ‚ÌOE¤ ‹ † ƒO ƒ‹ •[ ƒv ‚Å ‚Í, ‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È‹¤ ‚É'n ‚è•ã ‚° ‚ç‚ê ‚é'n •o "I ŠÖOEW(•u‹¤ 'n •v)‚ð-• 'z ‚AE ‚µ ‚Ä,•l ŠÔ ‚AE•l •H •¨ ‚Ì ƒC ƒ" ƒ^ ƒ‰ ƒN ƒV ƒˆƒƒˆƒ" ‚É ŠÖ ‚· ‚é •V ‚½ ‚È •Ý OEv OE´-OE´-• ‚ð'ñ ˆÄ ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚ð ‚ß ‚´‚µ‚´‚µ ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é1)•`6). ‚» ‚à ‚» ‚à•l ŠÔ ‚Ì ‹¦ '² ŠÖ OEW ‚Ì ŽÀ OE» ‚É ‚Í •A OE •X •l ‚Ì Žå ŠÏ "I Žž ŠÔ ‚AE ‹ó ŠÔ ‚ª ‹¤-L ‚³ ‚ê ‚é ' † ‚Å,"® •ì ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO ‚ª 'Š OEÝ ‚É'µ ‚¤ ‚± ‚AE‚ª •d-v ‚AE•l ‚¦ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é.‚µ ‚© ‚µ,•l ŠÔ ‚É ‚AE ‚Á‚Ä ‚Ì Žå ŠÏ "I ‚È ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO ‚Ì "¯Šú ‚AE•¨-• "I ‚È "¯Šú ‚Ì ŠÔ ‚É Žž ŠÔ ‚¸‚ꂸ‚ê ‚ª ' ¶ •Ý ‚· ‚é ‚AE‚¢ ‚¤Ž-ŽÀ (‚½ ‚AE ‚¦ ‚Î'ae2•Í ‚ÉŽ¦ ‚³ ‚ê ‚é•‰ ‚Ì "ñ "¯ Šú OE» •Û)‚ª ‚· ‚Å ‚É'm ‚ç‚ê ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é.‚µ ‚½ ‚ª ‚Á ‚Ä,•l ŠÔ ‚Ì ‹¦ '² ƒv ƒ• ƒZ ƒY ‚ð Žx ‰ ‡ ‚· ‚é •l •H •¨ ‚Í, •¨-• "I ‚È ƒŠ ƒA ƒ‹ ƒ^ ƒC ƒ€•« ‚ð ŽÀ OE» ‚· ‚邾 ‚¯ ‚Å ‚Í•s •\ •ª ‚Å ‚ ‚è,•l ŠÔ ‚Ì Žå ŠÏ ‚Ì '¤ ‚© ‚ç ‚àŽx ‰ ‡ ‚Å ‚« ‚È ‚¯ ‚ê ‚Î ‚È ‚ç ‚È ‚¢.‚± ‚± ‚É,•l ŠÔ ‚Ì ƒC ƒ" ƒ^ ƒ‰ ƒN ƒV ƒ ‡ ƒ" ‚ð,‹¤ 'n ‚AE‚¢ ‚¤•S ‚ðŠÜ ‚ß ‚½ ƒR ƒ~ ƒ… ƒj ƒP •[ ƒV ƒ ‡ƒ" ‚Ì-Ì ˆae ‚É ‚¨‚¢‚¨‚¢ ‚Ä "• • ‡ "I ‚É'¨ ‚¦ ‚È ‚¨‚·‚¨‚· •K 'R •« ‚ª ‚ ‚é.‚» ‚µ ‚Ä,-{ OE¤ ‹ † ‚Å ‚Í ‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È"w OEi ‚© ‚ç,•l ŠÔ ‚Ì ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO• § OEä ‹@ •\ ‚É ŠÖ ‚· ‚é •S-• Šw "I ‚È ‰ð •Í ‚ð•i ‚ß ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚AE‚· ‚é. "® •ì ‚Ì ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO ‚𕳠Šm ‚É • ‡ ‚í ‚¹ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é ‚AE ‚¢ ‚¤ ‚± ‚AE ‚Í,‹¦ '² ŠÖ OEW ‚Ì ŽÀ OE» ‚É ‚AE ‚Á ‚Ä •d-v ‚È ‰^ "® ƒX ƒL ƒ‹ ‚Ì ‚Ð ‚AE ‚ ‚Å ‚ ‚é.‚½ ‚AE ‚¦ ‚Î,•g ‹ß ‚È-á ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä,'Î-Ê ƒR ƒ~ƒ… ƒj ƒP •[ ƒV ƒ ‡ ƒ" ‚Å ‚Í,-¼ ŽÒ •g •U ‚肪 Ž© "-"I ‚É "¯'² ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚ª •ñ •• ‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é7),8).‚»‚µ‚Ä, ‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO ‚ð• ‡ ‚í ‚¹ ‚é,‚· ‚È ‚í ‚¿ ‚ ‚éŠO "I ‚È ƒC ƒx ƒ" ƒg(ŽhOEƒ)‚Ì "-• ¶ ‚AEŽ©"-"I ‚È•s ˆ× • ¶ •¬ ‚Ì Žž ŠÔ "I "¯Šú ‚ð ‚AE ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ‚É ‚Í,ŠO "I ƒC ƒx ƒ" ƒg‚Ì Žž ŠÔ"-"W ‚ÉŠÖ ‚· ‚éŽå ŠÏ ‚Ì '¤ ‚© ‚ç ‚Ì-\ 'ª ‹@ •\ ‚ª •K-v ‚AE•l ‚¦ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é."ò ‚ñ ‚Å ‚« ‚½ ƒ{ •[ ƒ‹ ‚ð•Ð Žè ‚Å ƒL ƒƒ ƒbƒ`ƒbƒ`‚· ‚é ‰^ "® ‚Ì•ê • ‡ ‚Å ‚ ‚ê ‚Î,ƒ{ •[ ƒ‹ ‚ð ‚ ‚© ‚Þ"® •ì ‚ª ŠJ Žn ‚³ ‚ê ‚é ‚Ì ‚Í, •½ ‹Ï ‚µ‚Ä ƒ{ •[ ƒ‹ ‚ª Žè ‚É•Ú •G ‚· ‚é-ñ33•`50ms'O ‚Ì ‚± ‚AE‚Å ‚ ‚é ‚AE ‚¢ ‚¤9),10).-Þ Ž-‚µ‚½-\ 'ª "I •U •' ‚¢ ‚ª 'Î-Ê ƒR ƒ~ ƒ… ƒj ƒP •[ ƒV ƒ ‡ ƒ" ‚ èõ ‚«"® •ì ‚É ‚¨‚¢‚¨‚¢ ‚Ä ‚àŠÏ Ž@ ‚³‚ê ‚Ä ‚¢ ‚é7). ‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚É,"® •ì ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO ‚ª 'µ ‚¤ ‚½ ‚ß ‚É ‚ÍŠO "I ƒC ƒx ƒ" ƒg ‚AE Ž© OEÈ ‚Ì ‰^ "® ‚Ì-\ 'ª "I ‚È "¯Šú ‚ª •s ‰Â OE ‡ ‚Å ‚ ‚è,ƒR ƒ~ ƒ… ƒj ƒV ƒ ‡ ƒ" ‚ð‰î ‚µ‚Ä ‚» ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤‚È Žå ŠÏ "I Žž ŠÔ ‚AE‹ó ŠÔ ‚ð'Š OEÝ ‚É ‹¤-L ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª,‹¤ 'n ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä ‚Ì ‹¦ '² ŠÖ OEW ‚ð ŽÀ OE» ‚· ‚é •ã ‚Å ‚Ì •K-v •ð OE• ‚ ‚È ‚é ‚AE•l ‚¦ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é.‚» ‚µ‚Ä,‚± ‚Ì Žd 'g ‚Ý ‚ð-¾ ‚ç ‚© ‚É ‚· ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ‚É ‚Í,•l ŠÔ ‚Ì Žå ŠÏ-Ì ˆae ‚É ‚¨‚¯‚¨‚¯ ‚é-\ 'ª "I Žž ŠÔ ‚Ì 'm Šo ‚AE•ˆ-• ‚Ì ‹@ •\ ‚ª ‰ð •Í ‚³ ‚ê ‚È ‚¯ ‚ê ‚Î ‚È ‚ç ‚È ‚¢.-{ OE¤ ‹ † ‚Ì-Ú•W ‚Í,"¯ Šú ƒ^ ƒb ƒs ƒ" ƒO ‰Û 'è ‚ð‹ï 'Ì "I ‚È ŽÀ OE± OEn ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä-p ‚¢ ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Å,‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È •l ŠÔ ‹¤ 'n "I ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO• § OEä ‚É ŠÖ ‚í ‚é •S ‚Ì ƒ• ƒJ ƒj ƒY ƒ€ ‚É ‚ ‚¢ ‚Ä ‚Ì 'm OE ‚ð "¾ ‚é ‚± ‚AE ‚É ‚ ‚é. 2. •ae •s OE¤ ‹ † •l ŠÔ ‚ß-\ 'ª "I ‚È ƒ^ ƒC ƒ~ ƒ" ƒO • § OEä ‚Ì ‹@•\ ‚ð'² ‚× ‚é ‚½ ‚ß ‚Ì •Å ‚à ŠÈ 'P ‚È ŽÀ OE± OEn ‚AE ‚µ‚Ä,"¯ Šú ƒ^ ƒb ƒs ƒ" ƒO ‰Û 'è(Synchronization Tapping Task)‚ª ‚ ‚é.‚± ‚ê ‚Í,Žü Šú "I ‚É OEJ ‚è•Ô ‚³‚ê ‚é ‰¹ ‚â OEõ ‚È ‚Ç‚Ì "™ •« Ž¿ ‚ÌŽh OEƒ ‚É,"í OE± ŽÒ ‚Ì Žw ‚È ‚Ç ‚Ì ‰^ "® ‚ð "¯ Šú ‚³‚¹ ‚é ŽÀ •-"OE ‹ž•H ‹AE 'åŠw 'å Šw ‰@ˆÛ • ‡-••H Šw OE¤ ‹ † ‰È ‰¡ •l Žs-Î ‹ae'· 'à "c '¬4259 •-•-ƒ~ƒ… ƒ"ƒw ƒ"'å ŠwˆãŠwˆã Šw "I•S-• ŠwOE¤ ‹ †•Š