Comparative Management Methods for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systemic Review

Abstract

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder affecting many adolescents and women of reproductive age worldwide. A diagnosis of PCOS in adolescence relies upon investigating each medical history independently and noting commonly associated symptoms, including obesity, insulin resistance, acne, menstrual abnormalities, and hirsutism. Many researchers are aiming to discover a methodology to help manage the symptoms associated with PCOS, especially in adolescents. This review will investigate management methods possible for adolescents with PCOS. Although the most preferred way to help reduce symptoms is through lifestyle modifications such as vigorous exercise and dietary regimens low in carbohydrates, pharmaceuticals are also offering promising results to adolescents with PCOS. Metformin, oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, and other alternatives, including finasteride, eflornithine, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), and vitamin D, are all shown to help improve insulin sensitivity and regulate menstrual cycles and reduce hirsutism. Epilatory and surgical measurements are also available; however, they are reserved for when all other methods fail and once adulthood or an appropriate age is reached. Although there are many pharmaceuticals available, it is necessary to evaluate each adolescent with PCOS uniquely and prescribe the appropriate pharmacotherapy regarding their symptoms.