Conspiracy theories from the perspective of forensic human sciences

Abstract

Conspiracy theories can be described as a false belief system of one group that is convinced that another group is developing a destructive plan. The authors of this article suggest a typological classification of conspiracy theories and outline the emergence and effects of conspiracy theories using the “Protocols of the Elders of Zion” and QAnon as examples. Additionally, reference is made to the personality of the originators and the followers of conspiracy theories. It is estimated that 10–30 out of 100 Germans believe in a conspiracy theory. People who are involved in a conspiracy theory are usually interested in further conspiracy theories. The personalities of conspiracy theorists are not psychopathologically conspicuous but a salient personality profile can be recognized: They are less agreeable, open to new experiences, rate themselves as less intelligent, are responsive to the paranormal and exhibit high external fatality or social dependence. In a third part, conspiracy theories are examined from the perspective of forensic human sciences. The focus is on the question of the relationship between conspiracy theories and violence. The vast majority of individuals who engage in intensive conspiracy theories do not engage in violence; however, nearly all extremists who have used massive violence have engaged in conspiracy theories. Thus, conspiracy theories are forensically relevant in much the same way as extremist world views, threats and querulous behavior, which means that a risk assessment must be made using the usual assessment steps of a threat management procedure.