Influencia del estado nutricional sobre el padecimiento de asma en la población

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. There are different factors that can favor this process, but the role of diet is especially important. Thus, inadequate nutritional status in some nutrients causes alterations in immune function and antioxidant defense mechanisms that may facilitate the onset of inflammatory processes in the pulmonary system. Thus, intervention studies with antioxidant vitamins have shown mixed results. Nevertheless, having in mind the low consumption of fruits and vegetables and the low intake of antioxidant nutrients of the population, a first step could be to approximate the diet to the theoretical ideal to reach the recommended intakes. Furthermore, it is important follow an adequate diet during the pregnancy because during this period the diet affects fetal development, which can be related to the suffering of asthma in childhood, and even in adulthood. In addition, in relation with other less studied nutrients, such as vitamin D and those nutrients methyl donors, would be interesting to conduct randomized controlled trials in people with risk of asthma or with established asthma to test their effect.