Discriminating Lamiophlomis rotata According to Geographical Origin by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis

Abstract

Introduction Lamiophlomis rotata (Duyiwei) is a folk herbal medicine that traditionally has been used in China as a hemostatic agent. Raw plant materials used for medicinal products from different geographical regions are often inconsistent in chemical composition. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a new approach for distinguishing the geographical origins of L. rotata. Objective To identify metabolites that contribute to the different geographical regions of L. rotata samples. Methods Lamiophlomis rotata metabolomics were performed by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses. The L. rotata metabolic profile was prepared for NMR measurements using methanol-d4 solvent. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to analyse the L. rotata 1H-NMR spectroscopy data. Results Nine iridoid glycosides, one flavonoid and three phenylpropanoid glycosides were detected in L. rotata by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. 1H-NMR measurements and multivariate analysis were used to successfully discriminate samples from three different locations. Conclusion The NMR-based analysis of L. rotata is a more comprehensive approach than traditional chromatographic methods. Simple sample preparation, rapidity and reproducibility of are additional advantages of NMR analysis.