Algid malaria

Abstract

Algid is a rare complication of tropical malaria and it occurs in 0.37% of cases. Algid malaria is characterized by hemodynamic disorders as shock with pronounced metabolic changes and hypothermia. A number of factors are involved in the development of algid malaria. These include: 1. Pathological phenomena that are associated with the changes in the state of red blood cells and lead to impaired microcirculation (cytoadherence, sequestration, rosetting); 2. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that provokes hypoglycemia, coagulopathy, and impaired erythropoiesis; 3. Altered acid-alkali balance with the development of metabolic acidosis; 4. Gastrointestinal lesion. Adherence of contaminated red blood cells in the intestinal mucosal vessels induces epithelial ischemic damage. Impaired absorption of liquid and its loss with vomiting and diarrhea result in acute hypovolemia; 5. Algid malaria is associated with the addition of gram-negative septicemia. The paper describes a case of algid malaria.