The Air Quality Monitoring Tool Based on Internet of Things to Monitor Pollution Emissions Continuously

Abstract

As a result of pollutant emissions, air pollution occurs which causes various problems such as global climate change, environmental degradation, and diseases due to reduced air quality such as respiratory infections, asthma, and even lung cancer. Polluted air cannot be insulated; therefore, a tool is needed to monitor air quality. So far, in Indonesia the tool for monitoring air quality in the form of an ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara = Air Pollution Standard Index) monitoring station submitted the data daily or not continuously. Whereas air pollution creating from emissions needs to be carried out continuously, so that in 2021, the Minister of Environment and Forestry issued a regulation on the Information System for Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS). Monitoring using CEMS is deemed necessary because correct, accurate, and continuous emission data and information need to be carried out to find out emissions in an integrated manner. This research was conducted to develop CEMS based on internet of things. Pollutant sensors in the form of methane (CH4), butane (C4H10), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate (PM2.5), and ammonia (NH3) are assembled on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. MQ-4 sensors are used for measuring methane (CH4), MQ-2 sensors for butane (C4H10), MQ-7 sensors for carbon monoxide (CO), GP2Y1010AU0F sensors for particles (PM2.5), and MQ-137 sensors for ammonia (NH3). Data from the sensor is transmitted to the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) via the Arduino Uno microcontroller, where it is shown on smartphones as numbers. This web-based air quality monitoring program should continuously track air pollution emissions. The main finding shows that the concentration of particulate matter has the highest concentration (above the emission quality standard) among other sensors, namely 52.29 µg/m3 on June 15, 2022 in South Tangerang, Indonesia. Based on these results, air quality monitoring for (PM2.5) should be checked periodically.