GENESIS OF VIRTUAL-INFORMATIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE LATE XX – EARLY XXI CENTURY

Abstract

The article analyzes the relationship of computer technology with phenomenal manifestations of modern architecture. Innovative architectural background are identified forming: the development of digital technologies; experimental architectural education; socio-cultural media environment of modern society. It highlights the transition of the new architecture of orthogonal Space into positive and negative curvature, which was made possible by digital technology. The purpose of the article - the role of virtual research and information technology in architectural design trends shaping the end of the XX - beginning of XXI century. Modern architecture in recent decades has moved beyond the manual design techniques. The use of computer resources is becoming more legitimate and indispensable. Many new terms, such as building information model, mathematization of architecture, digital prototype of the designed object, parametric design, information and mathematical modeling (IMM), mediaarhitektura, digital architecture, virtual architecture. Digital technologies contribute to the emergence and development of such trends in the architecture, as a high-tech, Biotech, organi-tech, eco-tech, deconstruction, metabolism, kinetic architecture. By the end of the first half of the twentieth century, radio engineering occupied a high place in the field of media development. In 1951, Marshall McLuhan Canadian philosopher, scholar, literary critic, an environmental media, published a paper ``Mechanical Bride: Folklore of industrial man'' [5]. In this work Maklyuen - one of the first raises the question of the influence of mass communication, such as television, film, advertising, etc. on mass consciousness in various forms. Before the popularization of computer media technologies have left an imprint on the arts community and the public consciousness, creating a style of pop art. Sociologists have noticed the change in the public consciousness at a time when it began to affect emerging technologies. It was during this period evolved, matured and learned many of the students have become in our time outstanding architects of the world, is not afraid to throw a bold challenge to society that employed the most advanced technology. With the advent of personal computers Technology Building Information Model (BIM) got their widespread at the beginning of the twenty-first century. However, the basic ideas were laid out in the late 70-ies of XX century., When many architects did not have access to such programs. BIM The idea is to create a method which takes into account all stages of design, construction, construction costs and monthly energy costs during operation. On the basis of a virtual model created by building information model. Such technologies can significantly save on construction costs. To date, almost all the technological breakthroughs occur because of BIM technology [11]. The architecture of the end of XX - beginning of XXI century. demonstrated innovative shaping technology, carve it out of the orthogonal Euclidean space. Modern architecture rushed to the Riemann space [19]. positive elliptical curvature and Lobachevsky space with compression and stretching effects. Parametric architecture opens up new possibilities izoplasticheskoy architecture. The main prerequisites of these achievements were three factors: the development of computer technology; introduction of educational experimentation and new approaches to architectural schools; sociocultural revolution provoked by the appearance of the media.