Melanoma and Nevi

Abstract

Melanoma, which is increasing in incidence, is the most lethal skin cancer. Risk factors for melanoma include genotypic and phenotypicc haracteristics combined with environmental exposures. Germline mutations in CDKN2A and CDK4 are thought to confer high susceptibility for melanoma. Polymorphisms in the melanocortin receptor-1 gene, which is central to melanin synthesis, confer low susceptibility for melanoma. In addition to germline alterations, somatic mutations in either BRAF or NRAS mutations have been found in a high percentage of melanomas. Nevi, which are one of the strongest risk factors for melanoma, also have BRAF mutations. Prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment remain important areas for future advancements. © 2006 Humana Press Inc.