Comparative Analyses of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Composition of Two Species of Moringa in Ghana

Abstract

Moringa oleifera and M. stenopetala have been used to cure a variety of ailments in around the world. The phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the leaves, roots and stem bark were investigated. Elements were analysed and bioactive components were characterised using FTIR and GC/MS methods. Total phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids were assessed while radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. Some organic compounds like phenols and aromatics were present, along with iron, zinc, and copper. The total phenolic and tannin concentrations varied from 98.73 to 255.57 mg GAE/100 g, and from 29.45 to 243.27 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content ranged from 717.90 to 73052.62 g QE/100 g. The methanolic extract of M. oleifera roots had the best DPPH scavenging efficacy. The extracts showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity. Therefore, M. oleifera and M. stenopetala contain phytochemicals and may be beneficial to health.