Activation of NK cell responses and immunotherapy of cancer

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies, including rituximab, are a mainstay in the therapy of cancer; however, there is much we do not understand about their mechanisms of action. In vitro analysis, animal models, and clinical trials suggest signaling, complement, and cellular cytotoxicity, each playing a role. Increasing evidence indicates that these mechanisms of action do not operate in isolation and that there are considerable interactions, some synergistic and some antagonistic, between mechanisms that can impact on the effi cacy of therapy. An improved understanding of the relative importance of each mechanism, and how these mechanisms interact in various clinical scenarios, is vital if we are to make a highly valuable approach to cancer therapy even better.