Fertilisation minérale et fructification des champignons supérieurs en hêtraie

Abstract

All the sporophores of higher fungi were counted in a fertilization trial in October 1977 in a 90 year old beech stand (Fagus silvatica) in the Lower Vosges region. The soil has developed on Voltzia sandstone (Lower trias) and it ranges from brown acid soil with acid mull to cryptopodzolic soil with moder. Among the fifty three species recorded, fifteen were abundant. Four groups may be described according to fertilization and humus type: - species mainly influenced by liming (type: Lycoperdon gemmatum, only found on plots with a high amount of liming alone); - species mainly influenced by phosphorus (type: Boletus chrysenteron, whose fructification is enhanced by phosphorus and inhibited by liming); - species mainly influenced by complete NPKCa fertilization type: Lepista inversa which only occurs on the complete treatments); - species mainly influenced by the humus type (type: Russula fellea , which occurs only on mullmoder and moder, never on mull). Fertilization is likely to prove economically interesting for one edible species, Rhodopaxillus nudus (amethyst agaric, wood blewits). If is totally missing on the control plots, whereas on plots with complete NPKCa fertilization, a total of 50 kg per hectare was collected in a month's time. A quick calculation shows that the value of the fungi produced in a year's time is at least equivalent to that of the wood and that it can compensate the costs of fertilization in 2 or 3 years.