The diversity of cones in the retina of vertebrates: A review

  • Cheung D
  • Wai M
  • Yew D
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Abstract

The most miraculous structure of the eye is the retina, a receptive layer containing a lining of closely packed visual cells/photoreceptors. It is well known that the retina of the vertebrates contains two types of visual cells: the rods and cones. The rods are specialised for dim vision while the cones are for bright and colour vision. The cones can be further subdivided into at least three subcategories: the single cone, twin cone and the double cone. The ordinary single cone usually exists alone, while the twin cone and the double cone represent two cones adhering to each other. The two components of the twin cone are identical in morphology. By contrast, the double cone consists of a tall and slender component, which is termed as the chief cone, and a rounder and shorter component, which is known as the accessory cone. The single cone is the most common type that can be found in most species of vertebrates, while others are less frequently seen, but still appear in many species up the vertebrate scale from fish to mammals. The aim is to introduce the variety of cone cells in the retinae of some selected species of vertebrates and discuss their structures with regard to the possible functions.

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Cheung, D., Wai, M., & Yew, D. (2013). The diversity of cones in the retina of vertebrates: A review. OA Anatomy, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.13172/2052-7829-1-1-386

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