The intensification of viticulture in California has led to the creation of grape monocultures characterized by an absence of non-crop plant diversity in and around vineyards. The continued expansion of vineyards into California native plant communities has also led to an aggregate reduction of non-crop habitats at the landscape scale (Heaton and Merenlender 2000). Such increased concentration of plant host resources and the reduction of non-crop habitats supporting natural enemies have been shown to increase pest densities, with associated crop losses and reduce overall crop productivity (Root 1973; Russell 1989; Corbett and Rosenheim 1996a; Altieri and Nicholls 2004). To manage recurring pest problems, California grape growers rely principally on the use of synthetic pesticides, including organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, known to pose a range of environmental quality and human health risks (Bentley 2009; CDPR 2009; UC IPM 2010b; Eskenazi et al. 2010).
CITATION STYLE
Miles, A., Wilson, H., Altieri, M., & Nicholls, C. (2012). Habitat diversity at the field and landscape level: Conservation biological control research in California viticulture. In Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions (Vol. 9789400740327, pp. 159–189). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4032-7_8
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