Chromosome Counting in Few Species of Musa by Traditional Technique

Abstract

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the most popular and important commercial vegetable crops grown throughout the world. Tomato is a rich source of various micronutrients and antioxidants. One of the major causes of poor quality and fruit loss during storage and transport are diseases caused by phyto-pathogenic fungi. Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici becomes one of a limiting factor in the production of tomato and accounts for yield losses in Jordan and the whole world. It is considered as one of the most prevalent and damaging diseases wherever tomatoes are grown because the pathogen persists in infested soils. Pathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium, cause root and basal stem deterioration and result in the wilting of vegetable plants. Browning of the vascular tissue is a strong evidence of fusarium wilt. Because of hazards of pesticides in general, and fungicides in specific, on public health and environmental balance, new direction of pest control management was introduced. Biological management of Fusarium wilt of tomato using bio-fortified composts associated with selected biological control agents (Fungal and bacterial species) is studied. Recently, different reports stated that some plant extracts and plant essential oils have been reported to be effective antimicrobial agents against food and stored grain fungi, foliar pathogens, and soil-borne fungal phyto-pathogens. This review is aimed at investigating the occurrence of Fusarium wilt of Tomato in Jordan and summarizing the best ways of management and control, especially the biological means.